Monday, March 31, 2014

3. Hospital Admission

Scrub up
Work in pairs.  These patients have arrived in hospital and are waiting in reception.  Discuss why you think each one is there.

1.  I was at a party, and one of my friends gave  me a little white tablet.  I'd had a few drinks and I was feeling good, and I took it, even though I didn't know what it was.  It made me feel, like, really weird.  I could see and hear really strange things, and it scared me.  I still don't feel normal today, and I'm very worried.

2.  It's not due until next month, but when I was washing up this morning there was a little blood.
     It worried me.  Then I got these pains.

3.  I was working high up on a ladder.  My foot slipped and I fell.  I hit my head but there's no blood and I don't feel too bad.

4.  I was walking by the river, and I think I stepped on it and it bit me.  I don't know what type it was but it was long and silver with a black head.

5.  I was looking in the mirror and I saw this big spot on my face.  I checked it on the Internet
     and I'm sure I've got cancer.  Do you think I'm going to die?


1.  나는 파티 중이었는데, 내 친구 중 한 명 나에게 흰색의 작은 알약을 주었습니다. 난 술을 몇 잔 마셨고, 기분이 좋았고 그리고 그것이 무엇인지 몰랐지만, 그것을 먹었습니다. 그것은 나의 기분을 정말 이상하게 만들었습니다. 나는 정말 이상한 것을 보고 들었고 그것이 무서웠습니다. 나는 지금도 정상이 아닌 것 같고, 매우 걱정스럽습니다.

2. 다음 달까지 예정(일)이 아니지만, 내가 아침에 씻을 때 약간의 혈액이 있었습니다.
      그것은 나를 걱정하게 했습니다. 그리고 통증이 왔습니다.

3. 나는 사다리 높은 곳에 올라가 일을 했습니다. 나의 발이 미끄러져서 떨어졌습니다. 내 머리를 부딪쳤지만 피는 나지 않았습니다.  그리고 기분도 그렇게 나쁘지 않았습니다.

4. 나는 강가를 걷고 있었고 무언가를 밟았는데 그것이 나를 물었습니다. 나는 그것이 무슨 종류인지 알지 못했습니다. 그러나 그것은 길고 은색이었고 검은 머리를 갖고 있었습니다.

5. 나는 거울을 보고 있었는데, 난 내 얼굴에 있는 큰 점을 보았습니다. 나는 인터넷에 그것을 검색했습니다. 그리고 나는 암에 걸린 것임을 확신하였습니다. 당신은 내가 죽을 것이라고 생각하십니까?


How do you determine who should see the doctor first?
The triage nurse gives assessment of the condition and s/he decides who gets to see the doctor first.



It's my job (Job of a receptionist)

I'm a hospital receptionist.  If you need to find somebody, or if you need to know anything about the hospital - ask me.  If you want new paper towels, or you need to speak to a surgeon - ask me.
저는 병원접수 담당자입니다.  만약, 당신이 누군가를 찾으려고 한다면, 또한 병원에 대해 질문이 있다면 - 저에게 물어보세요.  새 종수건을 원한다면, 또한 외과의사하고 대화를 해야된다면 - 저에게 부탁하세요.
I often meet people when they are frightened, angry, or drunk, so it's important to be diplomatic and strong.  I often need to reassure people, so  it's important to be calm.
저는 주로 사람들이 두려워 할 때, 화가 나 있을 때, 또는 술에 취해 있을 때, 그들을 만나죠. 그래서 제가 외교적이고 강해야 되는 것 중요 합니다.  저는 종종 사람들을 안심시켜야 하므로, 제가 침착해야 하는 것이 중요합니다.
My normal work is to greet and assist patients when they arrive, make appointments for patients, record patient's information, and organize and file patient records.  I also keep the accounts.  You need to be very organized to do this job.
제 작업의 의무는 주로 환자들이 도착하면 맞이하고 도와주고, 접수를 하고, 환자들의 정보를 기록하고,그것을 정리하고 제출을 하는 거죠.  저는 또한 계정을 유지하죠.  이 일을 잘 하려면 정리를 잘해야 됩니다.

Of course, I have to operate a computer, a fax machine, and other office equipment, but I also have to know first aid, and understand medical terminology and abbreviations.  My biggest problems are with the handwriting of medical staff.  It wastes a lot of time when I don't understand reports and forms because of handwriting or abbreviations.  
물론, 컴퓨터, 팩스 및 기타 사무기기를 작동해야하지만, 저는 또한 응급처치를 알아야하고, 의학용어 및 약어를 알아야합니다. 저의 가장 큰 문제는 의료진의 필기를 읽는 것입니다. 때문에 저는 필기나 약어의 보고서 및 양식을 알아 볼 수 없어서 이해하지 못할 때 많은 시간을 낭비하죠.
I believe that without me and other receptionists the whole hospital would come to a stop.
저는 믿습니다. 저와 다른 접수담당자들이 없으면 모든 병원이 정지할 것이라고.



Vocabulary

Patient record

Listening

A patient record form
M = Mustapha, N = nurse
N:  Mustapha, isn't it?
M:  Yes, that's right.
N:  So, what happened to you?
M:  I was working on a ladder.  It was raining and I slipped and fell.
N:  Did you hit your head?
M:  Yes.  I saw stars and felt sick at first.  But now it's OK.
N:  I see.  You may have concussion.  First, I'll take down your details and fill in this form.
     So, what's your surname?
M:  It's Hussein.
N:  Can you spell that for me?
M:  H-U-double S-E-I-N.
N:  What's your occupation?
M:  I'm a painter.
N:  Right.  What's your date of birth?
M:  First of the ninth, eighty-two.
N:  One, nine, eighty-two... and where were you born?
M:  Karachi, Pakistan.
N:  What's your marital status?
M:  Sorry?
N:  Are you married?
M:  No, I'm single.
N:  And do you have a contact telephone number for your next of kin(closest relative)?
M:  07709-401229-it's my brother, Yusuf.
N:  Do you smoke?
M:  Yes.
N:  How many do you smoke a day?
M:  Twenty a day.
N:  Uh huh.  Do you drink?
M:  No.
N:  Right.  Are you allergic to anything?
M:  No.
N:  Now, family history.  Do any of your close family suffer from any of the following - mental illness?
M:  No.
N:  Diabetes?
M:  My mother's parents are both diabetic.
N:  Maternal grandparents... diabetes.  Tuberculosis?
M:  No.
N:  HIV/AIDS?
M:  No.



Speaking
1.  You are going to play the role of a patient admitted to hospital.
     Invent the following details in pairs.
full name                    date and place of birth
allergies                      smoking and alcohol intake
occupation                  marital status
next of kin                   reason for admission
family history               medical history

2.  Play the role of the nurse and the patient and complete the patient record.

3.  Change roles.


Past Simple vs. Past Continuous
Past Simple(과거형)
We use the Past Simple to talk about things which happened in the past.
   과거에 일어난 일에 대해 이야기 할 때 Past Simple를 사용합니다.
I felt terrible when I got home last night.
I slipped on ice and hurt my knee.

Some verbs have a regular Past Simple, ending in -ed.
ask - asked        arrive - arrived

The Past Simple of some verbs is irregular.
go - went       come - came      take - took

We use the Past Simple to talk about an action that happened at a particular point in the past.

우리는 과거의 특정 지점에서 발생하는 행동에 대해 이야기하기 위해서 과거 시제를 사용합니다.

  We often use past time expressions such as yesterday, last week, and in+month/season/year.
ex.  The doctor examined my leg yesterday.
       Last week, we had exams.
       In April, we had midterm exams.
       In the past winter, we had a  lot of snow.
       In 2012, I took college entrance exam. 


http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepast.html
Past Continuous (과거 진행형)
When we are telling a story, we often use a verb in the Past Continuous to give a background to what happened. 
우리가 이야기를 할 때, 우리는 자주 무슨 일이 있었는지에 배경을 제공하기 위해 Past Continuous를 사용합니다.  (어떻게 되는 일인지 설명하려고.)
was riding my bike.  A cat ran in front of me and I fell off.
She cut her finger when she was preparing food.

We use the Past Continuous to talk about an action that was happening in the background when another event happened.  It is often used in a sentence with when+Past Simple.
우리는 또 다른 이벤트가 일어났을 때 배경에서 발생된 행동에  대한 이야기하기 위해서 Past Continuous를 사용합니다. 그것은 종종 when+ 과거 시제와 문장에 사용됩니다.


ex.  He was getting off the bus when he slipped.     OR
       He slipped when he was getting off the bus.     OR
       When he was getting off the bus, he slipped.
       

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/pastcontinuous.html


Underline examples of the Past Continuous in the Listening script for Scrub Up on p.125.

Go to Grammar reference p.117


1.  Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the Past Simple and Past Continuous tenses.  Decide the order of the verb first.

(1).  When he was working, he broke his arm.
        그가 일할 때 그의 팔이 부러졌다.
(2).  My son was holding a firework when it exploded and burnt his hand.
      내 아들은 폭죽이 터질 때 그것을 쥐고 있었고 그래서 화상을 입었다.
(3).  I was getting out of the car.  
     My dad closed the door and broke my fingers.
     나는 차에서 내리고 있었는데 아버지가 차 문을 닫아 내 손가락이 부러졌다.
(4).  My mam was getting dressed in the bathroom.  She fell and hit her head.
       우리 엄마는 욕실에서 옷을 입고있었다. 그녀는 넘어졌고 머리를 부딪쳤다.
(5).  I was listening to music, 
     when suddenly I heard a whistling in my ear and I went deaf.
    나는 음악을 듣고 있었는데 갑자기 귀에 휘파람 소리가 들려왔고 나는 귀머거리가
    되었다.
(6).  I was running in the park, and a man chased me and punched me.
    나는 공원에서 달리고 있었는데 어떤 남자가 쫒아왔고 날 때렸다.




2.  Write at least three sentences about these people, inventing details about what happened to them.
      Use Past Simple and Past Continuous.

3.  Describe an accident that happened to you.  What were you doing and what happened?
     Tell us.


2.
I was at the park this morning.  I saw a woman jogging and a dog came running towards the woman and bit her left leg.  She tried to shake the dog off but the dog bit harder to hold on to her by it's mouth.
Finally, the owner of the dog showed up and made the dog to let go of her leg.  What an horror.

A man's head was stuck in an glass container.  I don't know how it happened.  I was worried about him.
Finally, some how, he freed himself from it.  Thank God.

My boss had a black eye when he showed up to work.  I was thinking maybe he had a fight with
his wife and she punched him in the eye.  He looked sad.



Reading
Bad handwriting
1.  bad, good, neat, untidy(깔끔하지 못한), legible(읽을[알아볼] 수 있는), illegible(읽기 어려운, 판독이 불가능한).

2.  When students have exchanged examples of their handwriting, get them to discuss the problem
     that unclear handwriting causes for the reader.  Can a bad handwriting cause fatal errors like 
     the patient can be given a wrong medicine?


Writing
Patient summary
1.  Read the summary about Mustapha Hussein, the patient in Listening.  Find three mistakes in it.

2.  Write a similar summary about Sarah Behr using the information on the patient record.
Sarah Behr was admitted with suspected fractured arm.  Mrs. Behr was born in 1984.
She is married, and works as a teacher.  Her next of kin is her father, Ian.  
He can be contacted on 01792-793466.  Mrs. Behr doesn't smoke but she does drink
10 units per week.  She is allergic to nuts.  There is a family history of heart disease
on her father's side.

Saturday, March 15, 2014

2. In and around the hospital

In and around the hospital




a.  ECG(Electrocardiography) - for monitoring the heart (심장을 모니터링하기위한)
b.  Microscope - for examining tissues, samples, etc., very closely
                          (세포조직, 샘플, 등, 매우 긴밀하게 실음하기위해)
c.  Blood Centrifuge - for separating substances by spinning them
   ( 혈액 원심 분리기 - 분리 물질을 회전하여)
d.  Scale - for weighing substances
                (무개를 측정 할수있다.)
e.  Exercise Machine - for building strength after injury
                                   (부상 후 힘을 키우기 위해)
f.  a bone plate - for fixing broken bone (부러진 뻐를 다시 부치기 위해)
g.  Dermabrader - for removing damaged skin (손상된 피부를 제거 하기위해)
h.  Dialysis Machine - for cleaning the blood when the kidneys don't work
     (투석 기계 - 콩팥이 작동하지 않는 경우 혈액을 청소하기위해)
i.  Neurological pinwheel - for testing for sensation in nerves
    (신경 바람개비 - 신경의 감각을위한 테스트)
j.  Pediatric spoon - a special spoon for children to grip
    (소아 스푼 - 그립에 어린이를위한 특별 스푼)
k.  A scalpel - a small, very sharp knife that is used by doctors in operations.
                      (수술을 수행하기위한 칼)
l.  x-ray machine - for taking a photo of bones
                            (뼈의 사진을 찍이위해)





Vocabulary
Hospital departments
Which of the departments shown opposite
1. dispenses (to prepare and distribute) medicines? e. Pharmacy (etymology - medicine)
    (약을 나누어주다/준비해주고 배포하는대 )
2. treats(치료) kidney diseases? d. Renal Unit (Renal - of kidneys)
3. specializes in pregnancy and birth? k. Obstetrics (산과학) (Obstetrics - science of midwifery)
    (임신과 출산을 전문적으로 돌봐주는대)
4. studies illnesses and analyses samples? a. Pathology(병리학)(logy - study of disease)
    (질병을 연구하고 샘플을 분석한다)
5. treats diseases of the skin? i. Dermatology(study of skin)
6. performs operations on patients? l. Surgery(수술)
    (환자의 수술을 행하다.)
7. designs special exercises for patients? c. Physiotherapy
    (physio - natural, physical 
     therapy -medical treatment)
    (환자를위해 특별한 운동을 디자인 합니다.? 물리 치료)
8. studies blood disorders? j. Haematology
    (혈액 장애를 연구합니다.)
9. treats bones? f. Orthopaedics
    (뼈를 치료합니다.)
10. specializes in the heart? b. Cardiology
     (심장 전문? 나. 심장학)
11. deals with sick children? h. Paediatrics
12. treats disorders of the nervous system? g. Neurology
     (신경계의 장애를 취급합니다? 신경학)


Listening 1
Directions  
1.
P = physiotherapist, M = man
P:  Go out of here and the door you want is just opposite.
     Go in through the door and give your prescription to the man behind the counter.
M:  So it's just outside here?
P:  Yes, just across the corridor(hallway, 복도)


2.
P = porter, M = man
P:  Go into the hospital through these swing doors.  Go along the corridor, take the first right,
     and it's the second door on your left.
M:  Through the swing doors, down the corridor, first right, second left.
P:  That's it.
M:  Thanks.


3.
R = receptionist, V = visitor
R:  Go along this corridor and turn left at the end.  Go along the next corridor,
      take the second left and go all the way along that corridor.  The ward you want is right at the end,
      straight in front of you.
V:  Thank you.


Giving directions inside the hospital
- Go along this corridor
- Go along the next corridor
- Through the swing doors
- Go past the restaurant take stairs up to (go past -지나서)
- Go out of here
- Go into the hospital
- Take the first right
- Go across the corridor
- Go across the street
- second door on your left
-  Go all the way along that corridor
- It's straight in front of you.  It's right in front of you.



Preposition(전치사)

a word that is used before a noun, pronoun, or gerund to show place, time, direction etc. 
 명사, 대명사, 또는 동명사 앞에 사용되는 단어로, 장소, 시간, 방향 등을 표시 합니다.
   eg. In the phrase 'the trees in the park', 'in' is a preposition.
   Gerund - a noun in the form of the present participle(현재 분사) of a verb,
                  for example 'shopping' in the sentence  'I like shopping.'
                 동사의 현재 분사의 형태의 명사, 예를들어 '쇼핑'은 문장에서 'I like shopping' 으로 
                 쓰인다.
                 동명사(동사에 -ing를 붙여 만든 명사. I preferred travelling alone에서 travelling 같은 것)
              ex.  I enjoy listening to music.
                    I like running.
                    I like hiking.
                    I'm interested in listening to music.
                    I'm good at treating people when they get sick.
- To describe the place where something is, we use preposition such as ( in, on, on top, 
   at the top/bottom of, inside/outside, near, next to, by, in front of, behind, opposite, under, over,
   at, on the left/ right)
 무언가가 있는 곳을 설명하기 위해, 우리는 ( )와 같은 전치사를 사용합니다.  
   eg.  The shop's near the entrance, on the right of reception.
          The toilet are at the bottom of the stairs, on the left.
- To talk about movement, we use prepositions such as( up, down, into, out of, away, from, to,
  through, across, along, past, back to, around, left/right.)
 움직임에 대해 이야기하기 위해, 우리는 ( )와 같은 전치사를 사용합니다.
  eg.  Go through the swing doors, turn left along the corridor, and the coffee bar's in front of you.
- Prepositions of movement are used with verbs of movement such as (go, come, take, push, carry.)
 움직임를 나타내는 전치사는 ( )와 같은 동사와 함께 사용합니다.
  eg.  Can you take these files back to the office, please?
         To get from here to surgery, you have to wheel the trolley through three wards.







AROUND = in a circular direction

I've driven around this neighborhood three times and I still can’t find their house.

AT = in the (general) direction of (..에서)

The little boy threw a stone at the little girl.

AWAY FROM = leaving a place, a person or an object

She ran away from home when she was sixteen.

DOWN = descending motion

Raindrops ran down the windscreen making it difficult to see the road.

DOWN TO = descending motion expressing a final destination

The child fell down to the ground.

FOR = having the view or destination of

The Israelites set out for The Promised Land when they left Egypt.
그들이 이집트를 떠날 때 이스라엘 백성은 약속의 땅을 위해 밖으로 설정합니다.

INTO= a destination within something

The frightened deer disappeared into the forest.

ONTO= a destination on something

He put the plate onto the table and began to eat his dinner.
OUT OF = a destination outside of something

He ran out of the room as if he were on fire.

TO = in the specific direction of

To the hospital, please. And hurry! This is an emergency.
Could you give this DVD to Jill, please?

TOWARDS = in the general direction of

We were driving towards the city center when we had an accident.

UP = ascending, in a general motion

The smoke from the fire went up into the sky.

UP TO = ascending, expressing specific destination

You'll be able to reach the cat if you climb up to the top of the tree.



** Special Note ** 


When you shout at someone. (You are angry)
When you shout to someone. (You want to attract their attention.)

You throw the ball at someone. (You want to hit them with the ball.)
You throw the ball to someone. (You want them to have it, you give it to them.)
http://advanced-english-grammar.com/prepositions-of-direction.html

 




www.englishpage.com/prepositions/direction_prepositions_1.htm

www.englishpage.com/prepositions/direction_prepositions_2.htm


Picture A





Picture B




In picture A                                                                    In picture B
There is a jug and a bowl on the bedside cabinet.               There is a glass and a bowl on the bedside
                                                                                         cabinet.
The handle is on the patient's right.                                   The handle is on the patient's left.
The cabinet is closed.                                                       The cabinet is open.
The wall lamp is switched on.                                            The wall lamp is switched off.
There is a jug on the floor.                                                 There is a pot on the floor.
The wheelchair is folded up.                                             The wheelchair is opened out.
The curtain is fully drawn across.                                      The curtain is half drawn across.
There is medication on the top shelf of the trolley.             There are sheets on the top shelf of the trolley.
There are syringes and bandages on the bottom shelf        There are syringes and scissors on the bottom
of the trolley.                                                                      of the trolley.
The nurse is taking the patient's blood pressure.                 The nurse is taking the patient's temperature.
The nurse is wearing a fob watch.                                      The nurse isn't wearing a fob watch.                                                                              The crutches are leaning against the bedside cabinet.




Vocabulary
specimen - a sample of blood, urine, tissue, etc. collected for lab analysis.


Play another guessing game of describing and explaining medical equipments and different departments in the hospital.